PAMM accounts
Why PAMM manager and investor returns can differ
A manager’s period return is not a new investor’s outcome. Compare entry dates, unit values, cash flows, fees and reporting currencies on a consistent basis.
Read morePAMM Iran Journal
Better knowledge, clearer decisions — Page 21
Educational and analytical articles on managed investing, forex, crypto, risk management and tools for evaluating trading accounts.
Dedicated account management
Turning account-owner objectives into measurable limits
“Low risk” is not a measurable mandate. Define the capital basis, instruments, leverage limits, observation times and responsibility for responding to a breach.
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Dedicated account management
Changing credentials and revoking manager access
Ending manager access takes more than changing one password. Review host permissions, keys, sessions, outstanding orders and revocation evidence without exposing secrets.
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Investing and capital allocation
Gradual capital allocation: benefits and limitations
Staged allocation can create review opportunities without eliminating losses. Define progression criteria, repeated costs, execution changes and liquidity needs before increasing exposure.
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Risk and performance evaluation
Stress testing with explicit assumptions, not forecasts
A stress test is a conditional scenario, not a forecast or loss ceiling. Review price, liquidity, margin and outage shocks with explicit assumptions and model limitations.
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Dedicated account management
Checking trading access without withdrawal permission
Disabling withdrawals does not remove every managed-account risk. Review trading permissions, internal transfers, API scope and access revocation separately.
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Crypto
How funding rates change position holding costs
Separate perpetual funding from trading profit and execution fees. Reconcile rate direction, notional basis, assessment timing and actual postings under market-specific rules.
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MAM accounts
Contract questions when replacing a MAM manager
When replacing a MAM manager, distinguish ending old authority, accepting the new manager and handling open positions. Disconnection, settlement and responsibility transfer need not occur together.
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Exchanges and crypto infrastructure
What exchange proof of reserves does not establish
Proof of reserves alone does not establish solvency or future access. Review timing, scope, liabilities, asset control and the limitations of the reporting method.
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